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Overview of Cyclosporine

Cyclosporine is a potent immunosuppressive medication widely used in the medical field. It belongs to the class of drugs known as calcineurin inhibitors, which help prevent the body's immune system from attacking itself or a transplanted organ. Its primary function is to reduce the activity of the immune system, thus helping to prevent organ rejection in transplant recipients. It is also utilized in treating specific autoimmune conditions, where the immune system mistakenly targets the body's own tissues.

Uses and Medical Applications

Clinically, cyclosporine is most commonly prescribed after kidney, liver, or heart transplants. Its effectiveness in improving graft survival rates has made it an essential drug in transplant medicine. Additionally, it is prescribed for severe rheumatoid arthritis and certain cases of psoriasis when other treatments have failed. The drug's ability to suppress immune responses helps in controlling inflammation and tissue damage caused by autoimmune diseases.

Administration and Dosage

Cyclosporine is usually administered orally in the form of capsules or liquid, but in some cases, it may be given intravenously. The dosage depends on the specific condition being treated, the patient's weight, and their response to therapy. Careful monitoring of blood levels is necessary to ensure the medication remains within the therapeutic window. Regular blood tests help prevent toxicity and optimize treatment efficacy. It is important to follow the prescribing doctor's instructions strictly and avoid abrupt changes in dose.

Possible Side Effects

As with many immunosuppressants, cyclosporine can cause a variety of side effects. Common adverse reactions include elevated blood pressure, kidney dysfunction, tremors, and increased hair growth. Some patients may also experience gum hyperplasia, weight fluctuations, or gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and diarrhea. Serious but less common side effects involve liver damage, increased risk of infections, and potential neurological issues. Regular medical supervision is crucial to detect and manage any adverse effects early.

Precautions and Interactions

Patients on cyclosporine should be closely monitored by their healthcare providers. Those with existing kidney or liver problems, uncontrolled hypertension, or infections need to be particularly cautious. The medication interacts with several other drugs, including certain antibiotics, antifungals, and antihypertensives, which can either increase toxicity or diminish its effectiveness. Dietary factors, such as intake of grapefruit or grapefruit juice, may also affect blood levels of the drug. Patients must inform their doctor about all medications and supplements they are taking.

Storage and Handling

Proper storage of cyclosporine is essential to maintain its potency. It should be kept in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep the medication out of reach of children and do not use it beyond its expiration date. Handling should be done carefully to avoid contamination, especially when preparing the liquid form. Patients should follow disposal recommendations for expired or unused medication to prevent accidental ingestion.